America_First_Trade
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Title: America First Trade Policy Memorandum Outlines 2025 Economic and National Security Priorities (2025/01/20)
Summary: This collection of official documents outlines the 2025 America First Trade Policy, a presidential memorandum signed on January 20, 2025, aimed at revitalizing U.S. trade practices to prioritize national security, economic growth, and domestic industries. The policy builds on previous initiatives from 2017 and introduces new measures to address trade deficits, unfair practices, and strategic challenges, particularly with China. Below is a structured summary of key directives:
1. Addressing Unfair and Unbalanced Trade
Trade Deficits: The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Treasury and U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), must investigate causes of persistent trade deficits and recommend remedies, including global supplemental tariffs.
Tariff Collection: Proposes creating an External Revenue Service (ERS) to streamline tariff and duty collection.
USMCA Review: The USTR will assess the impact of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) ahead of its 2026 review, focusing on benefits to American workers and businesses.
Currency Manipulation: The Treasury will scrutinize trading partners for unfair currency practices and recommend countermeasures.
Antidumping/Countervailing Duties (AD/CVD): Strengthen enforcement against transnational subsidies and "zeroing" tactics.
De Minimis Loophole: Address risks from duty-free imports under $800, including counterfeit goods and fentanyl trafficking.
2. Economic and Trade Relations with China
Trade Agreement Compliance: The USTR will review China’s adherence to the 2020 U.S.-China Economic and Trade Agreement and propose tariffs or sanctions for violations.
Intellectual Property (IP): The Commerce Secretary will evaluate IP protections for U.S. patents and trademarks in China and push for reciprocity.
Section 301 Follow-Up: Updates to tariffs targeting China’s technology transfer and innovation policies, including circumvention via third countries.
Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR): Legislative proposals on PNTR status for China will be reassessed.
3. Economic Security Measures
Industrial Base Review: A full assessment of U.S. manufacturing and supply chains to mitigate national security risks.
Export Controls: Modernize controls to prevent technology leaks to strategic rivals (e.g., China) and close loopholes in existing systems.
Connected Vehicles: Expand regulations on information and communication technology (ICTS) for connected products.
Outbound Investments: Evaluate Executive Order 14105 to restrict U.S. investments in adversarial nations’ critical technologies.
Fentanyl and Migration: Address cross-border flows of contraband and unauthorized migration through trade and security measures.
4. Reporting Deadlines
April 1, 2025: Unified reports from Commerce (trade deficits, AD/CVD, China IP), Treasury (ERS, currency, de minimis), and USTR (USMCA, China compliance).
April 30, 2025: OMB report on foreign subsidies distorting federal procurement.
5. Legal Framework
The policy reaffirms compliance with existing laws and budgetary constraints, disclaiming creation of enforceable rights for third parties.
Overall Intent: Strengthen U.S. economic sovereignty, reduce dependency on adversarial nations, and protect American workers and industries through aggressive trade enforcement and strategic reforms. ```